Synthesis of Methandrostenolone

General description

Methandrostenolone is an organic molecular entity. A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity[1].

Figure 1 the chemical structural of Methandrostenolone

Application and Pharmacology

For chronic wasting diseases, severe infections, trauma, burns, post-operative rehabilitation, and correction of adrenocortical hormone nitrogen balance, osteoporosis, stunting, dwarfism, etc[2]. Anabolic hormones. This product is a dehydrogenated derivative of methyltestosterone. The protein assimilation is similar to that of testosterone propionate, but the action of male hormone is weaker, about 1% of the latter. This product can promote protein synthesis, inhibit protein heterogenesis, maintain positive nitrogen balance, increase appetite, muscle growth, weight gain, can promote calcium, phosphorus deposition in bone tissue, promote the formation of bone cell matrix, it can accelerate bone calcification and bone growth, promote tissue regeneration and granulation formation, accelerate wound healing.

Synthesis

Comparing with chemical synthesis methods,the transformation of steroids by microbiological methods is of more considerable commercial interest in the production of pharmaceutical steroids After dehydrogenation and double bond formation in C12 of steroid Aring,the anti-inflammatory activity of hormone type medicines will be many times higher than that of the original one. At the mild conditions (such as low temperature, low pressureetc)the dehydrogenation of steroid can be catalyzed by certain microorganisms with higher selectivity and productivity.

Dehydro-17a-methyltestosterone(methandienone)is one of anabolic steroids Comparing with 17a- methyltestosterone, Methandienone is of higher activity. The current status of steroids industry, the progress and the applications in micro-dehydrogenation of steroid were reviewed and the prospects of steroid medicines were discussed as well. Based on the only a few reports on the bio- dehydrogenation of 17a- methyltestosterone and low conversion ratio of 17a methyltestosterone currently the purposes of this work are: the strain screening better fermentation conditions for methandienone and the methods of separation and purification from the fermentations. Astrain 31-2-50 with higher bioconversion ratio of 17a-methyltestosterone was screened out by bioconversion tests in shake bottle after separation and purification from 3 strains of Asimplex. The bioconversion of 17a -methyl-testosterone to methandienone was carried out by Arthrobacter simplex.This conversion was influenced significantly by the composition of the cultivation medium. Amedium composedof(g/L):Glucose,10 corn liquid12; yeast extract5;KH2PO4，2.5;supported relatively high methandienone products.The biotransformation conditions for the dehydrogenation of17a-methyltestosterone were also investigated in depth,and the optimal conditions were obtained as follows:5% ofinoculum volume initial pH value of medium, pH 64, and a large number of product crystals were existed in the medium and the conversion rate of around 70% was further accelerated when the substrates added to the medium were dispersed bythe hydrophilic solvent. Based on the experiments of abovethe fermentation parameters of 7L fermentor were established.All of these will be benefitial for the further industrial works[3].

Safety and toxicity

1.Methandienone is an anabolic steroid. Origin of the substance: Naturally-occuring anabolic steroids are synthesized in the testis, ovary and adrenal gland from cholesterol via pregnenolone. Synthetic anabolic steroids are based on the principal male hormone testosterone, modified in one of three ways: alkylation of the 17-carbon; esterification of the 17-OH group and modification of the steroid nucleus. Indications: The only legitimate therapeutic indications for anabolic steroids are: replacement of male sex steroids in men who have androgen deficiency, for example as a result of loss of both testes; the treatment of certain rare forms of aplastic anemia which are or may be responsive to anabolic androgens; the drugs have been used in certain countries to counteract catabolic states, for example after major trauma. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Main risks and target organs: There is no serious risk from acute poisoning, but chronic use can cause harm. The main risks are those of excessive androgens: menstrual irregularities and virilization in women and impotence, premature cardiovascular disease and prostatic hypertrophy in men. Both men and women can suffer liver damage with oral anabolic steroids containing a substituted 17-alpha-carbon. Psychiatric changes can occur during use or after cessation of these agents. Summary of clinical effects: Acute overdosage can produce nausea and gastrointestinal upset. Metabolic: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: Sodium and water retention can occur, and result in edema; hypercalcemia is also reported. Insulin resistance with a fall in glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolemia with a fall in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, have been reported.

2.May have nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea and so on. Long-term or high-dose can cause water and sodium retention, edema, jaundice and abnormal liver function, female patients can cause menstrual disorders, acne, hirsutism, voice thickening, clitoral hypertrophy and other.

Reference

1.FISHER D. A. & PANOS T. C., "Methandrostenolone therapy in children with growth retardation," JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.185(1963), p.410.

2.Harrison L. M. & Fennessey P. V., "Methandrostenolone metabolism in humans: potential problems associated with isolation and identification of metabolites," J Steroid Biochem, Vol.36, No.5(1990), pp.407-414.

3.Shōtō:Bioeonversionof17a一methyl·testosteroneofrPreParation of methandienone with Arthorbaeetr simplex.

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